Deflection angle and shadow of the Reissner-Nordstr\"om black hole with higher-order magnetic correction in Einstein-nonlinear-Maxwell fields

TL;DR

This paper investigates how higher-order magnetic corrections in Einstein-nonlinear-Maxwell fields influence the deflection angles and shadow of Reissner-Nordstr"om black holes, with implications for observational constraints from the Event Horizon Telescope.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of magnetic charge effects on black hole optics and extends previous models by incorporating nonlinear electrodynamics and media effects.

Findings

Magnetic charge parameter significantly affects deflection angles.

Black hole shadow characteristics are altered by magnetic corrections.

Constraints on magnetic charge are derived from Event Horizon Telescope data.

Abstract

Nonlinear electrodynamics is known as the generalizations of Maxwell electrodynamics at strong fields and presents interesting features such as curing the classical divergences present in the linear theory when coupled to general relativity. In this paper, we consider the asymptotically flat Reissner-Nordstr\"om black hole solution with higher-order magnetic correction in Einstein-nonlinear-Maxwell fields. We study the effect of the magnetic charge parameters on the black hole, viz. weak deflection angle of photons and massive particles using Gauss-bonnet theorem. Moreover, we apply the Keeton-Petters formalism to confirm our results of the weak deflection angle. Apart from vacuum, their influence in the presence of different media such as plasma and dark matter are probed as well. Finally, we examine the black hole shadow cast using the null-geodesics method and investigate its spherically in-falling thin accretion disk. Our inferences show how the magnetic charge parameter $p$ affects the other physical quantities; so, we impose some constraints on this parameter using the observations from the Event Horizon Telescope.