Quantum electron liquid and its possible phase transition

TL;DR

This paper reports the discovery of a pure quantum electron liquid on electride surfaces, revealing a polarized phase and a transition to a non-Fermi liquid and possible hexatic liquid crystal phase due to enhanced correlations.

Contribution

It introduces a new pure quantum electron liquid system with high density and weak hybridization, and observes a phase transition to a non-Fermi liquid and liquid crystal phase.

Findings

Discovery of a pure quantum electron liquid on electride surfaces.

Observation of a polarized liquid phase via spin measurements.

Evidence of a transition to a non-Fermi liquid and hexatic liquid crystal phase.

Abstract

Purely quantum electron systems exhibit intriguing correlated electronic phases by virtue of quantum fluctuations in addition to electron-electron interactions. To realize such quantum electron systems, a key ingredient is dense electrons decoupled from other degrees of freedom. Here, we report the discovery of a pure quantum electron liquid, which spreads up to ~ 3 {\AA} in the vacuum on the surface of electride crystal. An extremely high electron density and its weak hybridisation with buried atomic orbitals evidence the quantum and pure nature of electrons, that exhibit a polarized liquid phase as demonstrated by our spin-dependent measurement. Further, upon enhancing the electron correlation strength, the dynamics of quantum electrons changes to that of non-Fermi liquid along with an anomalous band deformation, suggestive of a transition to a hexatic liquid crystal phase. Our findings cultivate the frontier of quantum electron systems, and serve as a platform for exploring correlated electronic phases in a pure fashion.