A non-linear second-order difference equation related to Gibbs measures of a SOS model

TL;DR

This paper investigates non-normalisable boundary laws for the SOS model on a Cayley tree, reducing the problem to a nonlinear second-order difference equation and providing both analytical and numerical solutions.

Contribution

It introduces explicit non-normalisable boundary laws for the SOS model and reduces the problem to a solvable nonlinear second-order difference equation.

Findings

Explicit non-normalisable boundary laws found.

Reduction to a nonlinear second-order difference equation.

Analytic and numerical solutions provided.

Abstract

For the SOS (solid-on-solid) model with an external field and with spin values from the set of all integers on a Cayley tree each (gradient) Gibbs measure corresponds to a boundary law (an infinite-dimensional vector function defined on vertices of the Cayley tree) satisfying a non-linear functional equation. Recently some translation-invariant and height-periodic (non-normalisable) solutions to the equation are found. Here our aim is to find non-height-periodic and non-normalisable boundary laws for the SOS model. By such a solution one can construct a non-probability Gibbs measure. We find explicitly several non-normalisable boundary laws. Moreover, we reduce the problem to solving of a non-linear, second-order difference equation. We give analytic and numerical analysis of the difference equation.