Active Brownian particles can mimic the pattern of the substrate

TL;DR

This study investigates how active Brownian particles (ABPs) moving on substrates with spatially varying activity can replicate substrate inhomogeneity, revealing steady-state density and flux patterns influenced by activity distribution shapes.

Contribution

It demonstrates that ABPs can mimic substrate inhomogeneity through their steady-state behavior on inhomogeneous activity profiles, exploring various shape distributions.

Findings

Density is lower in high activity regions and peaks at interfaces.

Particle flux flows from active to passive regions.

Steady-state profiles depend on activity distribution shape.

Abstract

Active Brownian particles (ABPs) are termed out to be a successful way of modeling the moving microorganism on the substrate. In recent studies, it is shown that such organisms can sense the characteristics of the substrate. Motivated by such work, we studied the dynamics and the steady state of ABP moving on a substrate with space-dependent activity. On the substrate, some regions are marked as high in activity, and other regions are such that particles behave as passive Brownian particles. The system is studied in two dimensions with step, sigmoid, Gaussian and cone shape distribution of activity profile on the substrate. The whole interface of the activity profile is symmetrically divided into two regions. This lead to the flow of particles from the active region to the passive region. The final steady state of particle density profile, polarisation and flux very much follows the structure of the inhomogeneous activity and the density in high activity region is lower, maximum at the interface and nearly constant with mean density in the passive region. Further, the steady state density profile for various shapes and designs on two-dimensional substrates. Hence the collection of ABPs on an inhomogeneous substrate can mimic the inhomogeneity of the substrate.