Detecting sublunar-mass primordial black holes with the Earth-Moon binary system

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel method to detect sublunar-mass primordial black holes by analyzing their perturbative effects on the Earth-Moon binary system's orbit, enabling potential observational signatures.

Contribution

It develops a perturbation-based framework to identify the influence of distant, small-mass PBHs on binary systems, which is a new approach in PBH detection.

Findings

Earth-Moon distance is sensitive to initial conditions.

Long-term PBH interactions leave detectable orbital imprints.

Observable deviations can reveal PBH properties.

Abstract

In this paper we propose a new way to detect sublunar-mass primordial black holes (PBHs) by direct observations of the Earth-Moon binary system.Our method is based on treating PBH as a perturbation term, by assuming that the PBH is far away from the Earth-Moon binary (far greater than 1 AU) and the mass of the PBH is small (less than the lunar mass). This perturbation treatment allows us to develop a framework to calculate the orbits of a generic binary system such as the Earth-Moon binary system. Our numerical results show that the Earth-Moon distance is sensitive to the initial values of the system. In most cases, the long-duration interactions between the PBH and the Earth-Moon system can induce lasting imprints on the Earth-Moon's orbit, and these imprints can accumulate over time, eventually giving rise to observable deviations which can be used to infer the properties of the PBH.