Prospective Study on Observations of {\gamma}-Ray Sources in the Galaxy Using the HADAR Experiment

TL;DR

The HADAR experiment, a large-scale atmospheric Cherenkov telescope array, demonstrates promising capabilities for surveying galactic gamma-ray sources, detecting numerous sources with high significance in a simulated one-year sky survey.

Contribution

This study presents the first simulation-based prospects of the HADAR experiment for galactic gamma-ray sky surveys, highlighting its potential to detect multiple sources with high significance.

Findings

Detected 23 galactic gamma-ray sources with >5σ significance in simulations.

Achieved a 346σ significance for the Crab Nebula in one year.

HADAR's sensitivity above 1 TeV is approximately 1.3%-2.4% of the Crab Nebula flux.

Abstract

The High Altitude Detection of Astronomical Radiation (HADAR) experiment is a refracting terrestrial telescope array based on the atmospheric Cherenkov imaging technique. It focuses the Cherenkov light emitted by extensive air showers through a large aperture water-lens system for observing very-high-energy-rays and cosmic rays. With the advantages of a large field-of-view (FOV) and low energy threshold, the HADAR experiment operates in a large-scale sky scanning mode to observe galactic sources. This study presents the prospects of using the HADAR experiment for the sky survey of TeV {\gamma}-ray sources from TeVCat and provids a one-year survey of statistical significance. Results from the simulation show that a total of 23 galactic point sources, including five supernova remnant sources and superbubbles, four pulsar wind nebula sources, and 14 unidentified sources, were detected in the HADAR FOV with a significance greater than 5 standard deviations ({\sigma}). The statistical significance for the Crab Nebula during one year of operation reached 346.0 {\sigma} and the one-year integral sensitivity of HADAR above 1TeV was ~1.3%-2.4% of the flux from the Crab Nebula.