Dispersive cavity-mediated quantum gate between driven dot-donor nuclear spins

TL;DR

This paper proposes a theoretical scheme for implementing a high-fidelity two-qubit gate between distant nuclear spins in a hybrid quantum dot-donor system mediated by a microwave resonator, overcoming frequency mismatch issues.

Contribution

It introduces a method to enable nuclear spin-photon coupling in a hybrid QDD system, facilitating a resonator-mediated nuclear spin two-qubit gate with high fidelity.

Findings

Nuclear spins can be effectively coupled via a microwave resonator.

Driving the QDD system compensates for frequency mismatch.

Predicted gate fidelity approaches 90%.

Abstract

Nuclear spins show exceptionally long coherence times but the underlying good isolation from their environment is a challenge when it comes to controlling nuclear spin qubits. A particular difficulty, not only for nuclear spin qubits, is the realization of two-qubit gates between distant qubits. Recently, strong coupling between an electron spin and microwave resonator photons as well as a microwave resonator mediated coupling between two electron spins both in the resonant and the dispersive regime have been reported and, thus, a microwave resonator mediated electron spin two qubit gate seems to be in reach. Inspired by these findings, we theoretically investigate the interaction of a microwave resonator with a hybrid quantum dot-donor (QDD) system consisting of a gate defined Si QD and a laterally displaced $^{31}$P phosphorous donor atom implanted in the Si host material. We find that driving the QDD system allows to compensate the frequency mismatch between the donor nuclear spin splitting in the MHz regime and typical superconducting resonator frequencies in the GHz regime, and also enables an effective nuclear spin-photon coupling. While we expect this coupling to be weak, we predict that coupling the nuclear spins of two distant QDD systems dispersively to the microwave resonator allows the implementation of a resonator mediated nuclear spin two-qubit $\sqrt{i\mathrm{SWAP}}$ gate with a gate fidelity approaching $90\%$.