Galaxy clusters at z~1 imaged by ALMA with the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect

TL;DR

This study uses ALMA to measure the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect in two galaxy clusters at z~1, revealing their pressure profiles and cool core states, and providing insights into cluster evolution at high redshift.

Contribution

First non-parametric pressure and temperature profiles of z~1 clusters derived from high-resolution SZE data, revealing early-stage cool core development.

Findings

Both clusters have shallower pressure profiles than local cool-core clusters.

RCS J2319+0038 likely hosts a weak cool core.

HSC J0947-0119 appears to be a non-cool-core cluster.

Abstract

We present high angular-resolution measurements of the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZE) toward two galaxy clusters, RCS J2319+0038 at z=0.9 and HSC J0947-0119 at z=1.1, by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in Band 3. They are supplemented with available Chandra X-ray data, optical data taken by Hyper Suprime-Cam on Subaru, and millimeter-wave SZE data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope. Taking into account departures from spherical symmetry, we have reconstructed non-parametrically the inner pressure profile of two clusters as well as electron temperature and density profiles for RCS J2319+0038. This is one of the first such measurements for an individual cluster at $z \gtrsim 0.9$. We find that the inner pressure profile of both clusters is much shallower than that of local cool-core clusters. Our results consistently suggest that RCS J2319+0038 hosts a weak cool core, where radiative cooling is less significant than in local cool cores. On the other hand, HSC J0947-0119 exhibits an even shallower pressure profile than RCS J2319+0038 and is more likely a non-cool-core cluster. The SZE centroid position is offset by more than 140 $h_{70}^{-1}$kpc from the peaks of galaxy distribution in HSC J0947-0119, suggesting a stronger influence of mergers in this cluster. We conclude that these distant clusters are at a very early stage of developing the cool cores typically found in clusters at lower redshifts.