Critical and near-critical relaxation of holographic superfluids

TL;DR

This paper studies how holographic superfluids relax after quenches near criticality, revealing power law behavior, critical slowing down, and proposing a phenomenological model to predict their dynamics.

Contribution

It introduces a phenomenological Gross-Pitaevskii-like equation that quantitatively models near-critical relaxation in holographic superfluids, linking static and dynamic properties.

Findings

Power law falloff at critical point

Emergent discrete scale invariance

Intermediate behavior dominated by critical slowing down

Abstract

We investigate the relaxation of holographic superfluids after quenches, when the end state is either tuned to be exactly at the critical point, or very close to it. By solving the bulk equations of motion numerically, we demonstrate that in the former case the system exhibits a power law falloff as well as an emergent discrete scale invariance. The later case is in the regime dominated by critical slowing down, and we show that there is an intermediate time-range before the onset of late time exponential falloff, where the system behaves similarly to the critical point with its power law falloff. We further postulate a phenomenological Gross-Pitaevskii-like equation that is able to make quantitative predictions for the behavior of the holographic superfluid after near-critical quenches. Intriguingly, all parameters of our phenomenological equation which describes the non-linear time evolution may be fixed with information from the static equilibrium solutions and linear response theory.