Localization Coverage Analysis of THz Communication Systems with a 3D Array

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the localization coverage of THz communication systems using 3D arrays, deriving bounds and comparing with planar arrays, showing 3D arrays offer significantly better coverage across various user positions and orientations.

Contribution

The paper derives the Cramér-Rao Bound for 3D array-based localization in THz systems and compares coverage with planar arrays, demonstrating the advantages of 3D configurations.

Findings

3D arrays provide higher coverage than planar arrays.

Coverage is limited for planar arrays across user orientations.

3D arrays show minor performance loss in specific configurations.

Abstract

This paper considers the problem of estimating the position and orientation of a user equipped with a three-dimensional (3D) array receiving downlink far-field THz signals from multiple base stations with known positions and orientations. We derive the Cram\'er-Rao Bound for the localization problem and define the coverage of the considered system. We compare the error lower bound distributions of the conventional planar array and the 3D array configurations at different user equipment (UE) positions and orientations. Our numerical results obtained for array configurations with an equal number of elements show very limited coverage of the planar-array configuration, especially across the UE orientation range. Conversely, a 3D array configuration offers an overall higher coverage with minor performance loss in certain UE positions and orientations.