Strong phase coherence and vortex matter in a fractal system with proximity-induced superconductivity

TL;DR

This study demonstrates that a fractal network of MgB2 nanograins in a heterostructure exhibits strong phase coherence and vortex pinning, revealing new insights into proximity-induced superconductivity in complex systems.

Contribution

It introduces a novel proximity-coupled fractal system with high vortex pinning and phase coherence, advancing understanding of vortex behavior in such heterostructures.

Findings

Proximity-coupled Mg/MgO/MgB2 system acts as a fully phase coherent superconductor.

Homogeneous flux distribution observed via magneto-optical imaging.

Quantized proximity vortices and clustering behavior identified.

Abstract

The proximity effect in normal/superconductor heterostructures is an intriguing phenomenon in that the normal side takes on the properties of a superconductor with an induced gap. However, the structural and pinning properties of vortices inside the normal regions remain poorly understood. Here, we report structure and superconducting properties of a proximity-coupled Mg/MgO/MgB2 system with ~30 vol. % of superconducting MgB2, in which MgB2 nanograins are distributed in a fractal manner to form a proximity network with clean interfaces. Conductivity and magnetic measurements demonstrate that this proximity-coupled system acts as a fully phase coherent superconductor with isotropic pinning. Magneto-optical imaging also reveals a rather homogeneous flux density distribution with no apparent granularity. Furthermore, we observe quantized proximity vortices and their clustering behavior by scanning superconducting quantum interface device microscopy. These results show that in contrast to the case of conventional granular superconductors, the grain boundaries in the present sample carry high critical currents and have high vortex pinning efficiency, resulting in a robust phase coherent state irrespective of the low volume fraction of the MgB2 nanograins. This finding not only reveals the features of proximity-induced vortices, but also demonstrates an excellent phase-locked capability of the proximity-coupled fractal system.