5d AGT correspondence of supergroup gauge theories from quantum toroidal $\mathfrak{gl}_{1}$

TL;DR

This paper explores the 5d AGT correspondence for supergroup gauge theories, introducing intertwiners to compute instanton partition functions and linking these to topological vertices and quiver W-algebras.

Contribution

It introduces positive and negative intertwiners for supergroup gauge theories, deriving instanton partition functions and connecting them to topological vertices and algebraic structures.

Findings

Derived explicit instanton partition functions for supergroup theories.

Linked negative intertwiners to anti-refined topological vertices.

Suggested broader 2d/4d and 5d/$q$-algebra correspondences.

Abstract

We discuss the 5d AGT correspondence of supergroup gauge theories with A-type supergroups. We introduce two intertwiners called positive and negative intertwiners to compute the instanton partition function. The positive intertwiner is the ordinary Awata-Feigin-Shiraishi intertwiner while the negative intertwiner is an intertwiner obtained by using central charges with negative levels. We show that composition of them gives the basic Nekrasov factors appearing in supergroup partition functions. We explicitly derive the instanton partition functions of supergroup gauge theories with A and D-type quiver structures. Using the intertwiners, we briefly study the Gaiotto state, $qq$-characters and the relation with quiver W-algebra. Furthermore, we show that the negative intertwiner corresponds to the anti-refined topological vertex recently defined by Kimura and Sugimoto. We also discuss how superquiver theories should appear in our formalism if they exist. The existence of the AGT correspondence of the theories we study in this paper implies that there is a broader 2d/4d (5d/$q$-algebra) correspondence, or more generally the BPS/CFT correspondence, where new non-unitary theories play important roles.