The lambda extensions of the Ising correlation functions C(M, N)

TL;DR

This paper explores the lambda extension of Ising model correlation functions, revealing they are D-finite and uncovering new identities involving elliptic integrals, with implications for understanding deformation theory and special functions.

Contribution

It demonstrates that lambda-extended correlation functions are D-finite and connects them to elliptic integrals and Jacobi theta functions, providing new identities and insights.

Findings

Lambda-extended correlation functions are D-finite.

Series yield perturbation coefficients generalizing form factors.

Exact results produce new identities on elliptic integrals.

Abstract

We revisit, with a pedagogical heuristic motivation, the lambda extension of the low-temperature row correlation functions C(M,N) of the two-dimensional Ising model. In particular, using these one-parameter series to understand the deformation theory around selected values of $\lambda$, namely $\lambda = \cos(\pi \, m/n)$ with m and n integers, we show that these series yield perturbation coefficients, generalizing form factors, that are D-finite functions. As a by-product these exact results provide an infinite number of highly non-trivial identities on the complete elliptic integrals of the first and second kind. These results underline the fundamental role of Jacobi theta functions and Jacobi forms, the previous D-finite functions being (relatively simple) rational functions of Jacobi theta functions, when rewritten in terms of the nome of elliptic functions.