The SATIN project I: Turbulent multi-phase ISM in Milky Way simulations with SNe feedback from stellar clusters

TL;DR

The SATIN project simulates the multi-phase interstellar medium of Milky Way-like galaxies, incorporating star formation and supernova feedback to produce realistic galaxy dynamics and gas structures at high resolution.

Contribution

It introduces a novel galaxy-wide ISM feedback model with star cluster particles and supernova delay times, achieving realistic multi-phase ISM and star formation rates.

Findings

ISM develops a three-phase structure with SN feedback.

Star formation rates follow observed Milky Way relations.

Gas outflows have mass loading factors of 3 to 10.

Abstract

We introduce the star formation and Supernova (SN) feedback model of the SATIN (Simulating AGNs Through ISM with Non-Equilibrium Effects) project to simulate the evolution of the star forming multi-phase interstellar medium (ISM) of entire disk galaxies. This galaxy-wide implementation of a successful ISM feedback model naturally covers an order of magnitude in gas surface density, shear and radial motions. It is implemented in the adaptive mesh refinement code RAMSES at a peak resolution of 9 pc. New stars are represented by star cluster (sink) particles with individual SN delay times for massive stars. With SN feedback, cooling and gravity, the galactic ISM develops a realistic three-phase structure. The star formation rates naturally follow observed scaling relations for the local Milky Way gas surface density. SNe drive additional turbulence in the warm (300 K < $T$ < 10$^4$ K) gas and increase the kinetic energy of the cold gas, cooling out of the warm phase. The majority of the gas leaving the galactic ISM is warm and hot with mass loading factors of $3 \le \eta \le 10$. While the hot gas is leaving the system, the warm and cold gas falls back onto the disc in a galactic fountain flow.