COVID-19 Regional Waves and Spread Risk Assessment through the Analysis of the Initial Outbreak in Guatemala

TL;DR

This study analyzes Guatemala's initial COVID-19 outbreak by decomposing regional epidemic waves, using modeling and multivariate analysis to identify spread routes and classify regional risk levels.

Contribution

It introduces a regional wave decomposition approach combined with phenomenological modeling and multivariate analysis to map COVID-19 spread and risk in Guatemala.

Findings

Identified key regional hubs of COVID-19 spread.

Classified regions into risk hierarchy based on epidemic dynamics.

Mapped disease transmission routes across the country.

Abstract

The initial surge of the COVID-19 pandemic hit Guatemala on March 2020. On a country scale, the epidemic has undergone a fairly well-known and distinguishable initial phase, reaching its peak on mid July 2020. However, the detailed picture is more involved and reflects inter-regional variations in the epidemic dynamics, presumably grounded on socio-demographic, connectivity, and human mobility factors. Classifying the regional epidemic curves and identifying the major hubs of regional COVID-19 spread can contribute towards defining an evidence-based risk map for future outbreaks of infectious diseases with similar transmissibility properties. In this work, we make a regional wave decomposition of the initial epidemic phase registered in Guatemala, and we use the Richards phenomenological model alongside multivariate ordination techniques of its estimated model parameters to draw a countrywide picture of the first epidemiological wave. By exploring similarities in the model space parameters, we traced routes for the disease spread across the country. We evaluated how well the proposed classification can help to define a regional risk hierarchy comprising early stage focal points, major hubs, and secondary regions of epidemic progression.