Increased radiation events discovered at commercial aviation altitudes

TL;DR

This study reports fifty-seven instances of increased radiation levels at commercial flight altitudes, likely caused by gamma-ray beams from relativistic electrons in the Van Allen belts, which could impact airline crew and passenger health.

Contribution

It provides new measurements of radiation events at high altitudes linked to EMIC wave activity and models their potential impact on aviation radiation exposure.

Findings

Radiation events occur frequently even during minor geomagnetic disturbances.

Dose rates can be nearly double the galactic cosmic ray background during these events.

Background exposure for certain flight routes is higher than previously estimated.

Abstract

We show fifty-seven enhanced radiation level events taken from new measurements on commercial altitude (greater than 9 km) aircraft that are analogous to planes flying through radiation clouds. More accurately, the plane is likely to be flying through a bremsstrahlung-origin gamma-ray beam. Evidence points to the beam being produced at higher altitudes by incident relativistic electrons coming from the Van Allen radiation belts and that have been generated by electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves. The EMIC waves have been inferred by ground observatory, aircraft air, and satellite space observations as well as from modeling. We do not rule out other radiation sources associated with geomagnetic substorms and radiation belt coupling although these enhanced radiation events seem to frequently occur even during very minor geomagnetic disturbed conditions. These events show a dynamic and variable radiation environment at aircraft altitudes in a narrow magnetic latitude band (43-67 N, S; L-shells between 2 and 7). Observations are of dose rate enhancements that are statistically significant above the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) background. Measurements indicate that between 11-12 km during quiet geomagnetic conditions and at L-shell 4, the effective dose rate can be 32 percent higher than from GCRs alone. For the events themselves the mean effective dose rate is nearly double that for the background GCR level. The implication is that background exposure rates for North Atlantic (NAT), North Pacific (NoPAC), and the northern half of continental U.S. (CONUS) air traffic routes are typically higher than if one only considers GCRs. The net effect on aircraft crew and frequent flyers for these routes will be an increase in the monthly and annual exposures, which may have career-limiting health consequences.