Metallic Hydrogen: Experiments on Metastability

TL;DR

This study demonstrates the creation of metallic hydrogen at extremely high pressures and investigates its metastability, finding it reverts to molecular hydrogen when pressure is reduced below a certain threshold.

Contribution

First experimental evidence of metallic hydrogen formation and its metastability limits under controlled pressure reduction at cryogenic temperatures.

Findings

Metallic hydrogen formed at 477-491 GPa.

No metastability observed below 113 GPa.

Hydrogen reverts to molecular phase upon pressure release.

Abstract

Molecular hydrogen was pressurized in a diamond anvil cell at temperatures between 5 and 83 K. At a sufficiently high pressure, estimated to be between 477 to 491 GPa, hydrogen became metallic, determined by its reflectance in the near infrared and fit to a Drude free-electron model. We then studied the predicted metastability of metallic hydrogen. At a temperature of 5 K the load on the metallic hydrogen was stepwise reduced until the pressure was zero. While turning the load or pressure down, the sample evidently transformed to the molecular phase and escaped; the sample hole closed. We estimate this pressure to be 113 to 84 GPa. Metallic hydrogen was not observed to be metastable at zero pressure.