Do the solar flares' locations illustrate the boundaries of the solar inner layers?

TL;DR

This study analyzes the distribution of solar flare locations on the Sun's disk over several decades, revealing patterns that correspond to the Sun's inner layers, with most flares occurring in the radiative and convection rings.

Contribution

It identifies a consistent distribution of solar flare locations that correlates with the Sun's inner layers, across different periods, coordinate systems, and solar cycles.

Findings

Distribution remains stable over time and observational conditions.

Flares predominantly occur in the radiative and convection rings.

Few flares are observed in the core and limb rings.

Abstract

The angular distance of the heliographical or helioprojective coordinates of the solar flares to the projective point of the center of the Sun on the solar disk has been studied during the periods 1975--2021 for GOES events and 2002--2021 for RHESSI events. It gives a specific distribution hereafter Distance. The distribution remains the same without significant changes in the importance value of the solar flare too, with the different coordinate systems, different GOES classifications, and different observational satellites. In addition, it gives the same distribution during each solar cycle. The curvature of the distance distribution has four peaks, which are denoted by the four central rings around the center of the solar disk that look like the solar inner layers in the background. 1) The core circle [0--15$^{\circ}$]: it is a projection of the solar core onto the solar disk. 2) Radiative ring [15$^{\circ}$--45$^{\circ}$]. 3) The convection ring [45$^{\circ}$--55$^{\circ}$]. The limb ring [80$^{\circ}$--90$^{\circ}$]. A large number of solar flares occurred in the radiative and convection rings. While we have a few events in the core and limb rings.