Visible Light-Driven C-C Coupling Reaction of Terminal Alkynes at Atmospheric Temperature and Pressure Reaction Conditions using Hybrid Cu2O-Pd Nanostructures

TL;DR

This study introduces a visible light-driven catalytic system using hybrid Cu2O-Pd nanostructures that enables efficient C-C coupling of terminal alkynes at atmospheric conditions, advancing sustainable chemical manufacturing.

Contribution

Development of a novel Cu2O-Pd photocatalyst that operates at room temperature and pressure, improving upon previous high-temperature Cu2O nanocatalysts for C-C coupling.

Findings

Cu2O-Pd nanostructures catalyze C-C coupling under visible light.

Reaction occurs efficiently at atmospheric temperature and pressure.

Photocatalyst outperforms previous high-temperature catalysts.

Abstract

Carbon-carbon (C-C) coupling reactions are widely used reactions in the production of fine chemicals, agrochemicals, and pharmaceuticals. In our recent contribution (Green Chemistry, 2019, 21, 5284-5290), cuprous oxide (Cu2O) nanospheres are shown to be efficient catalysts for C-C coupling reactions of terminal alkynes such as phenylacetylene. Specifically, Cu2O nanospheres are shown to successfully catalyze oxidative C-C homocoupling reaction of phenylacetylene to form a coupling product, diphenyl diacetylene (DPDA). However, these Cu2O nanocatalyst requires a relatively high temperature of ~110 0C. Herein, we report that photocatalysts built on hybrid palladium nanoclusters decorated on Cu2O (i.e., Cu2O-Pd) can utilize visible light as energy input and successfully catalyze oxidative homocoupling of phenylacetylene at atmospheric temperature and pressure reaction condition. This was displayed by the comparison of oxidative homocoupling reactions both in the presence and without the presence of visible light. Our findings indicate that photocatalysts through Cu2O-Pd nanospheres present to be a logical substitute, moving toward more efficient and sustainable industrial processes.