SN 2020jgb: A Peculiar Type Ia Supernova Triggered by a Helium-Shell Detonation in a Star-Forming Galaxy

TL;DR

SN 2020jgb is a peculiar Type Ia supernova likely caused by a thick helium-shell double detonation on a white dwarf, showing unique spectral features and occurring in a star-forming galaxy, expanding understanding of supernova diversity.

Contribution

This paper presents detailed observations and modeling of SN 2020jgb, providing evidence for a thick helium-shell double detonation origin in a star-forming galaxy, a first for such subluminous events.

Findings

SN 2020jgb is a subluminous, peculiar SN Ia with a prominent 1 μm absorption feature.

The supernova's properties are consistent with a ~0.95 M_ (C/O core + He-shell) progenitor.

Thick He-shell double detonation supernovae occur in both star-forming and passive galaxies.

Abstract

The detonation of a thin ($\lesssim$$0.03\,\mathrm{M_\odot}$) helium shell (He-shell) atop a $\sim$$1\,\mathrm{M_\odot}$ white dwarf (WD) is a promising mechanism to explain normal Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), while thicker He-shells and less massive WDs may explain some recently observed peculiar SNe Ia. We present observations of SN 2020jgb, a peculiar SN Ia discovered by the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF). Near maximum light, SN 2020jgb is slightly subluminous (ZTF $g$-band absolute magnitude $M_g$ between $-18.2$ and $-18.7$ mag depending on the amount of host galaxy extinction) and shows an unusually red color ($g_\mathrm{ZTF}-r_\mathrm{ZTF}$ between 0.4 and 0.2 mag) due to strong line-blanketing blueward of $\sim$5000 $\r{A}$. These properties resemble those of SN 2018byg, a peculiar SN Ia consistent with a thick He-shell double detonation (DDet) SN. Using detailed radiative transfer models, we show that the optical spectroscopic and photometric evolution of SN 2020jgb are broadly consistent with a $\sim$$0.95\,\mathrm{M_\odot}$ (C/O core + He-shell; up to $\sim$$1.00\,\mathrm{M_\odot}$ depending on the total host extinction) progenitor ignited by a thick ($\sim$$0.13\,\mathrm{M_\odot}$) He-shell. We detect a prominent absorption feature at $\sim$1 $\mu\mathrm{m}$ in the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum of SN 2020jgb, which could originate from unburnt helium in the outermost ejecta. While the sample size is limited, similar 1 $\mu\mathrm{m}$ features have been detected in all the thick He-shell DDet candidates with NIR spectra obtained to date. SN 2020jgb is also the first subluminous, thick He-shell DDet SN discovered in a star-forming galaxy, indisputably showing that He-shell DDet objects occur in both star-forming and passive galaxies, consistent with the normal SN Ia population.