Snowmass 2021 topical group report: Neutrinos from Natural Sources

TL;DR

This comprehensive report reviews various natural neutrino sources, their scientific motivations, current research status, and future prospects across a broad energy spectrum from early universe to ultra high-energy sources.

Contribution

It provides an extensive overview of neutrino sources, motivations, and future research directions, integrating recent developments across multiple natural neutrino phenomena.

Findings

Neutrinos from the early universe offer insights into cosmology.

Solar and geoneutrino studies enhance understanding of Earth's interior.

Detection of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos advances astrophysics.

Abstract

This is the final report from the Snowmass 2021 Neutrino Frontier Topical Group on Neutrinos from Natural Sources. It covers a broad range of neutrino sources, from low-energy neutrinos from the early universe to ultra high-energy sources. We divide this report by source, and discuss the motivations for pursuing searches in each case, the current state of the field, and the prospects for future theoretical and experimental developments. We consider neutrinos produced in the early universe; solar neutrinos; geoneutrinos; supernova neutrinos, including the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB); neutrinos produced in the atmosphere; and high-energy astrophysical neutrinos.