Leakage of gravitational waves into an extra dimension in the DGP model

TL;DR

This paper investigates how gravitational waves leak into an extra dimension in the DGP model, using a scalar field analogy to analyze the radiation flux and potential detectability by observatories.

Contribution

The study introduces a generalized approach to quantify scalar radiation leakage in the DGP model, accounting for massive modes and bulk effects.

Findings

Leakage intensity is higher for low-frequency signals.

Scalar radiation flux depends on the sphere radius and source motion.

Potential detectability of leakage by gravitational-wave observatories.

Abstract

In the DGP model, the graviton is unstable, which leads to a modification of gravity at cosmological distances. In particular, this leads to the leakage of gravitational waves from the brane into an extra dimension at large distances from the source. However, the calculation of the gravitational wave leakage intensity is a non-trivial task due to the violation of the Huygens principle in the five-dimensional bulk of the DGP setup. The odd dimension of the bulk makes it difficult to extract the radiated part of the field. In this paper, we consider a simplified problem of scalar radiation from a point charge localized on a brane in the framework of the scalar field analog of the DGP model. In this model, the scalar field on the brane can be represented as a continuous spectrum of Kaluza-Klein massive modes. To extract the emitted part of such a field, we generalize the Rohrlich-Teitelboim approach to radiation to the case of a massive four-dimensional field, using its connections to massless fields in four and five dimensions. In the case of a charge moving along a circular trajectory, we obtain the dependence of the radiation energy flux through a 2-sphere localized on the brane on the sphere radius, which provides the intensity of leakage of scalar radiation from the brane. Consistent with the infrared transparency of the bulk, the leakage intensity is found to be higher for low frequency signals. We are also analyzing the possibility of detecting this leak by current and future gravitational-wave observatories.