Using angular two-point correlations to self-calibrate the photometric redshift distributions of DECaLS DR9

TL;DR

This paper tests a self-calibration method for photometric redshift distributions using DECaLS DR9 data, demonstrating its feasibility and consistency across different datasets and scales, with implications for weak lensing studies.

Contribution

It improves and validates a self-calibration algorithm for redshift distributions, incorporating machine learning and error analysis, with application to real survey data.

Findings

High-resolution scattering matrices are consistent with low-resolution ones.

Scattering matrices are similar across Northern and Southern Galactic Caps.

Cosmic magnification significantly affects off-diagonal elements of the matrix.

Abstract

Calibrating the redshift distributions of photometric galaxy samples is essential in weak lensing studies. The self-calibration method combines angular auto- and cross-correlations between galaxies in multiple photometric redshift (photo-$z$) bins to reconstruct the scattering rates matrix between redshift bins. In this paper, we test a recently proposed self-calibration algorithm using the DECaLS Data Release 9 and investigate to what extent the scattering rates are determined. We first mitigate the spurious angular correlations due to imaging systematics by a machine learning based method. We then improve the algorithm for $\chi^2$ minimization and error estimation. Finally, we solve for the scattering matrices, carry out a series of consistency tests and find reasonable agreements: (1) finer photo-$z$ bins return a high-resolution scattering matrix, and it is broadly consistent with the low-resolution matrix from wider bins; (2) the scattering matrix from the Northern Galactic Cap is almost identical to that from Southern Galactic Cap; (3) the scattering matrices are in reasonable agreement with those constructed from the power spectrum and the weighted spectroscopic subsample. We also evaluate the impact of cosmic magnification. Although it changes little the diagonal elements of the scattering matrix, it affects the off-diagonals significantly. The scattering matrix also shows some dependence on scale cut of input correlations, which may be related to a known numerical degeneracy between certain scattering pairs. This work demonstrates the feasibility of the self-calibration method in real data and provides a practical alternative to calibrate the redshift distributions of photometric samples.