DQC1 as an Open Quantum System

TL;DR

This paper models the DQC1 quantum computing process as an open quantum system, revealing thermodynamic properties and how different inputs affect energy exchanges and algorithm performance.

Contribution

It introduces a thermodynamic perspective to DQC1, showing the logical qubit's evolution as a unital open quantum system and analyzing its thermodynamic behavior.

Findings

Logical qubit dynamics are unital quantum channels.

Different trace estimation inputs cause varying energy exchanges.

Temperature influences fluctuations and algorithm quality.

Abstract

The DQC1 complexity class, or power of one qubit model, is examined as an open quantum system. We study the dynamics of a register of qubits carrying out a DQC1 algorithm and show that, for any algorithm in the complexity class, the evolution of the logical qubit can be described as an open quantum system undergoing a dynamics which is unital. Unital quantum channels respect the Tasaki-Crooks fluctuation theorem and we demonstrate how this is captured by the thermodynamics of the logical qubit. As an application, we investigate the equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermodynamics of the DQC1 trace estimation algorithm. We show that different computational inputs, i.e. different traces being estimated, lead to different energetic exchanges across the register of qubits and that the temperature of the logical qubit impacts the magnitude of fluctuations experienced and quality of the algorithm.