Optimization-based framework for low-voltage grid reinforcement assessment under various levels of flexibility and coordination

TL;DR

This paper introduces an optimization framework for assessing low-voltage grid reinforcement needs, considering flexibility and coordination, demonstrating economic benefits and potential to avoid reinforcement through integrated flexibility strategies.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel multi-level optimization framework that evaluates the impact of flexibility and coordination on LV grid reinforcement, reducing computational complexity and enabling broad applicability.

Findings

Flexible operation of buildings significantly reduces reinforcement costs.

Coordination between agents enhances the effectiveness of flexibility measures.

In most scenarios, grid reinforcement can be avoided through combined flexibility and coordination.

Abstract

The rapid electrification of residential heating and mobility sectors is expected to drive the existing distribution grid assets beyond their planned operating conditions. This change will also reveal new potentials through sector coupling, flexibilities, and the local exchange of decentralized generation. This paper thus presents an optimization framework for multi-modal energy systems at the low voltage (LV) distribution grid level. In this, we focus on the reinforcement requirements of the grid and the techno-economic assessment of flexibility components and coordination between agents. By employing a multi-level approach, computational complexity is reduced, and various levels of coordination and flexibilities are implemented. We conclude the work with a case study for a representative rural grid in Germany, in which we observe high economic potential in the flexible operation of buildings, majorly thanks to better integration of photovoltaics. Across all paradigms barring a best-case benchmark, grid reinforcement based on a mix of passive and active measures was necessary. A synergy effect is observed between flexibilities and coordination, as their combination reduces the peaks to the extent of completely avoiding grid reinforcement. The presented framework can be applied with a wide range of grid and component types to outline the broad landscape of future LV distribution grids.