Fiber-based two-wavelength heterodyne laser interferometer

TL;DR

This paper introduces a fiber-based two-wavelength heterodyne interferometer designed for high-sensitivity displacement measurements, effectively reducing environmental noise and addressing spectral separation errors for inertial sensing applications.

Contribution

It presents a novel compact fiber-based interferometer using two wavelengths for improved noise rejection and error mitigation in displacement sensing.

Findings

Sensitivity floor of 7.5 pm/√Hz at 1Hz

Effective noise rejection through spectral filtering

Algorithms developed to mitigate spectral separation errors

Abstract

Displacement measuring interferometry is a crucial component in metrology applications. In this paper, we propose a fiber-based two-wavelength heterodyne interferometer as a compact and highly sensitive displacement sensor that can be used in inertial sensing applications. In the proposed design, two individual heterodyne interferometers are constructed using two different wavelengths, 1064 nm and 1055 nm; one of which measures the target displacement and the other monitors the common-mode noise in the fiber system. A narrow-bandwidth spectral filter separates the beam paths of the two interferometers, which are highly common and provide a high rejection ratio to the environmental noise. The preliminary test shows a sensitivity floor of 7.5pm/rtHz at 1Hz when tested in an enclosed chamber. We also investigated the effects of periodic errors due to imperfect spectral separation on the displacement measurement and propose algorithms to mitigate these effects.