Quantum current dissipation in superconducting strings and vortons

TL;DR

This paper investigates the quantum stability of superconducting cosmic strings and vortons, analyzing decay processes and cosmological implications to determine conditions under which these structures remain stable.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of quantum current decay in superconducting strings and evaluates the stability of vortons within cosmological models, considering various parameters and decay mechanisms.

Findings

Quantum instabilities depend on string curvature and particle interactions.

Vortons are generally unstable under realistic particle mass hierarchies.

Certain parameter regimes can lead to stable superconducting strings and vortons.

Abstract

In this work, the current stability is discussed for cosmic strings with the bosonic superconductivity. A non-vanishing curvature of string generally induce the quantum instability of the current-carrying particle. Its decay rates are explored for various types of model parameters, curved string shapes, and decay processes. As a cosmological application, the stability is examined for superconducting strings in the string network and also for cosmic vortons by evaluating their cosmological evolution. The zero mode and hence the vorton cannot be stable in various cases, e.g., with a hierarchy between the current-carrying particle mass off the string and the string tension or with sizable couplings of the current-carrying particle to light species such as the Standard Model particles.