Decompositions of matrices by using commutators

TL;DR

This paper explores matrix decompositions using commutators, demonstrating how matrices and operators can be expressed as sums of elements satisfying specific polynomial identities, with applications to infinite-dimensional operators.

Contribution

It introduces new matrix decompositions via commutators and applies these to bounded operators and endomorphisms in infinite-dimensional spaces.

Findings

Every bounded operator on an infinite-dimensional complex Hilbert space is a sum of four automorphisms of order 3.

Every simple ring from an endomorphism ring quotient is a sum of three nilpotent subrings.

Abstract

We will use commutators to provide decompositions of $3\times 3$ matrices as sums whose terms satisfy some polynomial identities, and we apply them to bounded linear operators and endomorphisms of free modules of infinite rank. In particular it is proved that every bounded operator of an infinite dimensional complex Hilbert space is a sum of four automorphisms of order $3$ and that every simple ring that is obtained as a quotient of the endomorphism ring of an infinitely dimensional vector space modulo its maximal ideal is a sum of three nilpotent subrings.