On the use of total state decompositions for the study of reduced dynamics

TL;DR

This paper introduces a total state decomposition approach for analyzing the reduced dynamics of open quantum systems with initial correlations, providing a finite set of CPTP maps applicable even in infinite dimensions.

Contribution

It presents a universal decomposition method for correlated bipartite states into CPTP maps, extending the analysis of open quantum system dynamics beyond standard assumptions.

Findings

Decomposition always exists for finite and infinite-dimensional spaces.

Number of CPTP maps bounded by the Schmidt rank of initial state.

Identified positivity domain for CPTP semigroup evolutions in qubit models.

Abstract

The description of the dynamics of an open quantum system in the presence of initial correlations with the environment needs different mathematical tools than the standard approach to reduced dynamics, which is based on the use of a time-dependent completely positive trace preserving (CPTP) map. Here, we take into account an approach that is based on a decomposition of any possibly correlated bipartite state as a conical combination involving statistical operators on the environment and general linear operators on the system, which allows one to fix the reduced-system evolution via a finite set of time-dependent CPTP maps. In particular, we show that such a decomposition always exists, also for infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces, and that the number of resulting CPTP maps is bounded by the Schmidt rank of the initial global state. We further investigate the case where the CPTP maps are semigroups with generators in the Gorini-Kossakowski-Lindblad-Sudarshan form; for two simple qubit models, we identify the positivity domain defined by the initial states that are mapped into proper states at any time of the evolution fixed by the CPTP semigroups.