A Mechanism for Dark Matter and Dark Energy in the Theory of Causal Fermion Systems

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel mechanism within causal fermion systems that explains dark matter and dark energy as emergent phenomena from the collective behavior of wave functions, without requiring new particles.

Contribution

It develops a new theoretical framework linking causal fermion systems to dark phenomena, applicable to Minkowski and Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker spacetimes.

Findings

The mechanism scales inversely with the square of the universe's lifetime.

It does not rely on hypothesizing new particles for dark matter or dark energy.

The effect emerges from the collective behavior of the Dirac sea wave functions.

Abstract

It is shown that the theory of causal fermion systems gives rise to a novel mechanism for dark matter and dark energy. This mechanism is first worked out for cubical subsets of Minkowski space with periodic boundary conditions. Then it is studied in Friedmann-Lema\^itre-Roberson-Walker spacetimes. The magnitude of the effect scales like one over the lifetime of the universe squared. In contrast to most models of dark matter and dark energy, our mechanism does not postulate any new particles. Instead, it is a result of the collective behavior of all the wave functions which form the Dirac sea, needed in order to arrange correlated initial and end quantum states of the universe.