Respiratory rhythm entrains membrane potential and spiking of non-olfactory neurons

TL;DR

This study demonstrates that respiratory rhythm influences membrane potential and spiking activity in non-olfactory brain regions, suggesting a role in mediating long-range neural communication.

Contribution

It provides novel evidence that respiration-related oscillations occur in the membrane potential of non-olfactory neurons, expanding understanding of respiratory influence beyond olfactory areas.

Findings

Respiratory rhythm modulates membrane potential and spiking in multiple brain regions.

RRo episodes are transient, averaging five cycles per neuron.

Hyperpolarization reduces RRo occurrence in certain areas.

Abstract

In recent years, several studies have tended to show a respiratory drive in numerous brain areas so that the respiratory rhythm could be considered as a master clock promoting communication between distant brain areas. However, outside of the olfactory system it is not known if respiration-related oscillation (RRo) could exist in the membrane potential (MP) of neurons neither if it can structure spiking discharge. To fill this gap, we co-recorded MP and LFP activities in different non-olfactory brain areas: median prefrontal cortex (mPFC), primary somatosensory cortex (S1), primary visual cortex (V1), and hippocampus (HPC), in urethane-anesthetized rats. Using respiratory cycle by respiratory cycle analysis, we observed that respiration could modulate both MP and spiking discharges in all recorded areas. Further quantifications revealed RRo episodes were transient in most neurons (5 consecutive cycles in average). RRo development in MP was largely influenced by the presence of respiratory modulation in the LFP. Finally, moderate hyperpolarization reduced RRo occurence within cells of mpFC and S1. By showing the respiratory rhythm influenced brain activity deep to the MP of non-olfactory neurons, our data support the idea respiratory rhythm could mediate long-range communication.