Uniaxial strain, topological band singularities and pairing symmetry changes in superconductors

TL;DR

This study investigates how uniaxial strain influences pairing symmetry, Fermi surface topology, and critical temperature in superconductors using a 2D Hubbard model, revealing tunable effects and specific pairing state responses.

Contribution

It provides a systematic analysis of uniaxial strain effects on superconducting pairing states and identifies the d + id and d + ig pairings as best matching experimental data for Sr2RuO4.

Findings

Tc changes are tunable with hopping anisotropy.

d + id and d + ig pairings best fit experimental data.

Fermi surface topology and pairing symmetry are sensitive to strain.

Abstract

Uniaxial strain affects pairing symmetry states in superconductors by changing the lattice symmetry, and by altering Fermi surface topology. Here, we present a systematic study of these effects within a one-band negative-U Hubbard model for s, p and d-wave pairing states. We consider a general 2D model that can be applied to superconductors under uniaxial strain, modelled via hopping anisotropy, on a square lattice. The results presented here model an in plane compression along the x-axis, which reduces the lattice symmetry from a tetragonal to an orthorhombic crystal space group. The effects of hopping anisotropy on the different types of gap pairings are explored. We show that changes in Tc are tunable with hopping anisotropy and depend on the orientation of the gap function in relation to the opening of the Fermi surface during the Lifshitz transition. In comparing the model results to experimental data for the case of Sr2RuO4 it is found that both the d + id and d + ig pairings best describe the changes in Tc for the superconducting state in regards to its response to small uniaxial strain.