Softly broken symmetries in the 2HDM -- an invariant formulation

TL;DR

This paper investigates the concept of soft symmetry breaking in two-Higgs-Doublet Models (2HDM), demonstrating that its physical implications can be expressed through observable quantities despite basis transformation ambiguities.

Contribution

It provides a basis-invariant formulation of soft symmetry breaking conditions in 2HDM, linking them to measurable observables.

Findings

Six global symmetries analyzed in 2HDM

Necessary and sufficient conditions for soft breaking derived

Implications of soft breaking are physical and observable

Abstract

Soft breaking of a symmetry requires an invariance of the dimension-4 part of the Lagrangian and non-trivial variation of the lower-dimensional part. However, in general, separation between the dim-4 and lower-dimensional Lagrangian is not invariant with respect to basis transformations of fields. Therefore, a natural question of the physical meaning of soft symmetry breaking arises. This problem is addressed here in the framework of two-Higgs-Doublet Models (2HDM). It has been shown, within these models, that in spite of the ambiguity corresponding to the separation between dim-4 and the lower-dimension Lagrangian, implications of the soft symmetry breaking could be formulated in terms of observables, i.e., they are physical and measurable. There are six global symmetries that can be imposed on the scalar sector of the generic 2HDM. Necessary and sufficient tree-level conditions for soft breaking of all of them have been formulated in terms of observables.