A Wide and Deep Exploration of Radio Galaxies with Subaru HSC (WERGS). IX. The Most Overdense Region at z~5 Inhabited by a Massive Radio Galaxy

TL;DR

This study identifies a highly overdense galaxy region at z~5 around a massive radio galaxy, indicating it is a protocluster likely to evolve into a massive halo by the present day.

Contribution

First detailed analysis of the galaxy environment around a z~5 radio galaxy using Subaru HSC data, revealing a significant overdense region likely to become a massive cluster.

Findings

HSC J0839+0113 is in the outskirts of a 4.7 sigma overdense region.

The overdense region is expected to evolve into a halo >10^14 Msun by z=0.

This is the most overdense LBG region among known protoclusters at similar epoch.

Abstract

We report on the galaxy density environment around a high-z radio galaxy (HzRG) at z=4.72, HSC J083913.17+011308.1 (HSC J0839+0113), probed using an r-dropout Lyman break galaxy (LBG) sample from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program data. We find that HSC J0839+0113 resides in the outskirt of an overdense region identified by the r-dropout galaxies at a 4.7 sigma significance level. The projected distance between HSC J0839+0113 and the peak position of the overdense region is 0.4 physical Mpc which is shorter than the typical protocluster radius in this epoch. According to the extended Press Schechter and the light cone models, the HSC J0839+0113-hosted overdense region is expected to evolve into a halo > 10^14 Msun at z=0 with a high probability of >80 %. These findings suggest that HSC J0839+0113 is associated with a protocluster. The HSC J0839+0113 rich-system is the most overdense region of LBGs among the known protoclusters with LBGs in the same cosmic epoch.