Exploiting stellar explosion induced by the QCD phase transition in large-scale neutrino detectors

TL;DR

This paper explores how a QCD phase transition in supernovae can produce detectable neutrino signals, enabling constraints on neutrino masses and improved supernova localization with large-scale neutrino detectors.

Contribution

It demonstrates the potential of neutrino detectors to identify signatures of QCD phase transitions and improve supernova localization, providing new limits on neutrino masses.

Findings

Neutrino signals can set limits on neutrino masses (0.16-0.58 eV).

Detection of the phase transition signature can improve supernova localization accuracy.

Large-scale detectors can constrain supernova position within 0.3° to 9.0°.

Abstract

The centers of the core-collapse supernovae are one of the densest environments in the Universe. Under such conditions, it is conceivable that a first-order phase transition from ordinary nuclear matter to the quark-gluon plasma occurs. This transition releases a large amount of latent heat that can drive a supernova explosion and may imprint a sharp signature in the neutrino signal. We show how this snap feature, if observed at large-scale neutrino detectors, can set competitive limits on the neutrino masses and assist the localization of the supernova via triangulation. The 95\%C.L. limit on the neutrino mass can reach 0.16~eV in Ice-Cube, 0.22~eV in Hyper-Kamiokande, and 0.58~eV in DUNE, for a supernova at a distance of 10 kpc. For the same distance and in the most optimistic neutrino conversion case, the triangulation method can constrain the $1\sigma$ angular uncertainty of the supernova localization within $\sim 0.3^{\circ}-9.0^{\circ}$ in the considered pairs of the detectors, leading to an improvement up to an order of magnitude with respect to the often considered in the literature rise time of the neutronization burst.