The gluon condensation in hadron collisions

TL;DR

This paper reviews the concept of gluon condensation in hadrons, its theoretical basis in nonlinear QCD, and predicts its implications for high-energy collisions and potential gamma-ray emissions at future colliders.

Contribution

It provides a clear physical picture of gluon condensation from the colour glass condensate and discusses its applications in LHC collisions and future collider safety considerations.

Findings

Gluon condensation predicted by nonlinear QCD equations.

GC effect likely in high-energy p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions at LHC.

Potential for intense gamma-ray bursts in future colliders due to GC.

Abstract

Gluons may converge to a stable state at a critical momentum in hadrons. This gluon condensation is predicted by a nonlinear QCD evolution equation. We review the understanding of the gluon condensation and present a clear physical picture that produces the gluon condensation from the colour glass condensate. We summarize the applications of the GC effect in the $p-p(A)$ collisions and predict that the $p-Pb$ and $Pb-Pb$ collisions at the LHC are close to the energy region of the gluon condensation. We warn that for the next generation of hadron colliders with the increasing of the collision energy, the extremely strong gamma-rays will be emitted in a narrow space of the accelerator due to the gluon condensation effect. Such artificial mini gamma-ray bursts in the laboratory may damage the detectors.