Giant vortex in a fast rotating holographic superfluid

TL;DR

This paper investigates the formation and behavior of giant vortices in a holographic superfluid under rapid rotation, revealing phase stratification, vortex dynamics, and the applicability of Feynman relation.

Contribution

It demonstrates the emergence of giant vortices and superfluid rings in a holographic model, providing insights into vortex merging and phase phenomena at high rotational velocities.

Findings

Giant vortices form by merging multiple vortices at high rotation.

Giant vortices disappear and superfluid rings form with increased rotation.

Vortex number follows the Feynman relation in the giant vortex region.

Abstract

In a holographic superfluid disk, when the rotational velocity is large enough, we find a giant vortex will form in the center of the system by merging several single charge vortices at some specific rotational velocity, with a phase stratification phenomenon for the order parameter. The formation of a giant vortex can be explained as there is not enough space for a standard vortex lattice. Keep increasing the rotational velocity the giant vortex will disappear and there will be an appearance of a superfluid ring. In the giant vortex region, the number of vortices measured from winding number and rotational velocity always satisfies the linear Feynman relation. However, when the superfluid ring starts to appear, the number of vortices in the disk will decrease though the rotational velocity is increasing, where most of the order parameter is suppressed.