Matter-antimatter Asymmetry, CP Violation and the Time Operator in Relativistic Quantum Mechanics

TL;DR

This paper explores the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe by linking CP violation to a dynamical time operator in relativistic quantum mechanics, suggesting larger CPV effects in extended Standard Models with neutrinos.

Contribution

It introduces a dynamical time operator derived from Dirac's Hamiltonian that exhibits CP violation inversely related to mass, providing a new perspective on matter-antimatter asymmetry.

Findings

CPV inversely depends on mass in the dynamical time operator.

Extended Standard Models with neutrinos show larger CPV than quarks.

CPV differs between neutrinos and antineutrinos, aligning with T2K observations.

Abstract

The matter antimatter asymmetry in the Universe is one of the outstanding problems in physics.and cosmology. CP violation (CPV) is a necessary condition for generating such asymmetry but the amount predicted in the Standard Model (SM) from quark oscillations is too small by several orders of magnitude. The dynamical time operator derived together with Dirac's Hamiltonian from the Dirac canonical quantization of special relativity is shown to exhibit a CPV inversely dependent on mass. Applying to all fermions, it follows that extended Standard Models (ESM) with massive neutrinos contains a much larger CPV as the electron and muon neutrino masses are six to nine orders smaller than the up and down quarks masses. Furthermore, it also follows that the CPV differs between neutrino and antineutrino, in agreement with the T2K observations.