Pieter Johannes van Rhijn, Kapteyn's Astronomical Laboratory and the Plan of Selected Areas

TL;DR

This paper reviews the history and contributions of the Kapteyn Astronomical Laboratory under Pieter van Rhijn, highlighting its development, challenges faced, and the transition to new leadership in the 1950s.

Contribution

It provides a detailed historical analysis of the laboratory's evolution, funding challenges, and the impact of external factors on its research during van Rhijn's tenure.

Findings

The laboratory was a leading research institute under Kapteyn.

Van Rhijn's work lacked integration into the larger galactic structure.

External factors like the Great Depression and WWII hampered progress.

Abstract

In this contribution I discuss the Kapteyn Astronomical Laboratory during the period of Pieter Johannes van Rhijn's directorate, which lasted from 1921 to 1957. It had developed under the founder Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn into one of the leading astronomical research institutes in the world. When van Rhijn took over at the retirement of Kapteyn, it was in the process of coordinating Kapteyn's Plan of Selected Areas. Van Rhijn's research was solid and professional work, but in his papers he invariably stopped before discussing how his findings did fit into the larger scheme of things. He maybe was unimaginative but it did lack the link to the larger view towards the emerging picture of the structure of the Galaxy. Van Rhijn was unfortunate to be hampered throughout almost his complete directorate by factors, that severely limited his attempts to obtain more funding in spite of local support by his university. These were of course in the first place the Great Depression of the 1930s and the Second World War and its aftermath, while during most of the 1940s he suffered from tuberculosis. But also the remote location of Groningen compared to Leiden, where a major infrastructure led by three important protegees of Kapteyn was in place, and the governmental bias towards support for Leiden over Groningen was an important factor. Finally I examine the developments in the 1950s and the circumstances that made Adriaan Blaauw accept his appointment as van Rhijn's successor in 1957 and initiate the beginnings of the revival under his leadership.