Gender-dependent Contribution, Code and Creativity in a Virtual Programming Course

TL;DR

This study investigates gender-specific differences in online programming courses, finding that girls engage more actively but tend to conform to stereotypes in creative choices, highlighting online courses' potential and challenges for gender inclusivity.

Contribution

It provides new insights into gender behaviors in online programming education, especially regarding creativity and group dynamics, which were less understood before.

Findings

Girls engage more actively than boys in online courses.

No significant difference between girls in all-female vs. mixed groups.

Gender stereotypes influence programming choices even online.

Abstract

Since computer science is still mainly male dominated, academia, industry and education jointly seek ways to motivate and inspire girls, for example by introducing them to programming at an early age. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has forced many such endeavours to move to an online setting. While the gender-dependent differences in programming courses have been studied previously, for example revealing that girls may feel safer in same-sex groups, much less is known about gender-specific differences in online programming courses. In order to investigate whether gender-specific differences can be observed in online courses, we conducted an online introductory programming course for Scratch, in which we observed the gender-specific characteristics of participants with respect to how they interact, their enjoyment, the code they produce, and the creativity exposed by their programs. Overall, we observed no significant differences between how girls participated in all-female vs. mixed groups, and girls generally engaged with the course more actively than boys. This suggests that online courses can be a useful means to avoid gender-dependent group dynamics. However, when encouraging creative freedom in programming, girls and boys seem to fall back to socially inherited stereotypical behavior also in an online setting, influencing the choice of programming concepts applied. This may inhibit learning and is a challenge that needs to be addressed independently of whether courses are held online.