Bipolar Almost Equiangular Tight Frames for NOMA Systems

TL;DR

This paper introduces Bipolar Almost Equiangular Tight Frames (AETFs) as a practical alternative to ETFs for NOMA systems, allowing more flexible user and sequence configurations in IoT and 5G networks.

Contribution

It proposes a novel construction of Bipolar AETFs that relaxes the constraints of traditional ETFs, enabling their application in real-world NOMA scenarios.

Findings

Bipolar AETFs closely mimic ETF properties for capacity optimization.

The proposed sequences are practical for short lengths up to 100.

Enhanced flexibility in user and sequence configurations for NOMA systems.

Abstract

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) is a concept which is gaining a big popularity in multiuser networks. It's due to its advantages in sense of total network throughput. It becomes especially significant in large networks such as Internet of Things (IoT) networks or 5G networks. One of the known NOMA techniques is DS-CDMA NOMA, which make use of non-orthogonal coding schemes to optimize capacity at multiuser networks. Equiangular Tight Frames (ETF) are known to be an optimal sequences' sets (in sense of capacity) for this technique. Unfortunately, ETFs are limited to very specific pairs of users' number and sequence lengths which put undesirable constraints on practical systems. In this paper our goal is to break those constraints by proposing alternative family of non-orthogonal sequences which on the one hand, possess similar properties to those of ETFs (for that reason we'll denote them as Almost ETFs) and on the other hand, doesn't have those limitation on users' number and sequence length. We're basing our approach by starting with known technique of building standard ETFs, and extending it by slight modifications to technique of building AETFs. In this paper we'll concentrate on bipolar (+/-1 valued) and relatively short (up to length of 100) sequences, since we're interested in sequences which will be of practical value in real systems.