BlueTiSCH: A Multi-PHY Simulation of Low-Power 6TiSCH IoT Networks

TL;DR

This paper evaluates and compares the performance of IEEE 802.15.4 and Bluetooth 5 PHY options in 6TiSCH IoT networks using simulation, highlighting their suitability for various applications and environments.

Contribution

First comprehensive simulation-based comparison of multiple PHY options for 6TiSCH IoT networks across diverse environments and scalability levels.

Findings

Different PHYs perform better in specific environments.

Bluetooth 5 PHYs offer higher throughput in certain scenarios.

IEEE 802.15.4 provides better energy efficiency in some cases.

Abstract

Low-power wireless IoT networks have traditionally operated over a single physical layer (PHY) -- many based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. However, recent low-power wireless chipsets offer both the IEEE 802.15.4 and all four PHYs of the Bluetooth 5 (BT 5) standard. This introduces the intriguing possibility that IoT solutions might not necessarily be bound by the limits of a single PHY, and could actively or proactively adapt their PHY depending on RF or networking conditions (e.g., to offer a higher throughput or a longer radio range). Several recent studies have explored such use-cases. However, these studies lack comprehensive evaluation over various metrics (such as reliability, latency, and energy) with regards to scalability and the Radio Frequency (RF) environment. In this work we evaluate the performance of IEEE 802.15.4 and the four BT 5 2.4GHz PHY options for the recently completed IETF 6TiSCH low-power wireless standard. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to directly compare these PHYs in identical settings. Specifically, we use a recently released 6TiSCH simulator, TSCH-Sim, to compare these PHY options in networks of up to 250 nodes over different RF environments (home, industrial, and outdoor), and highlight from these results how different PHY options might be better suited to particular application use-cases.