Superradiant Phase Transition in the Strong Coupling Regime

TL;DR

This paper proposes a method to induce and observe superradiant phase transitions in the Dicke model by applying periodic modulation, enabling experimental realization in systems with strong coupling.

Contribution

It introduces a technique to simulate an anisotropic Dicke model with tunable parameters via modulation, facilitating superradiant phase transition observation.

Findings

Superradiant phases can be achieved with strong coupling.

Periodic modulation enables control over model parameters.

Ground state and spectrum are tunable via modulation.

Abstract

The Dicke model can exhibit quantum phase transition between the normal and the superradiant phases when the strength of the light-matter coupling exceeds the ultrastrong coupling regime. However, it is challenging to observe this phase transition in practical systems due to limited coupling strength or finite two-photon $A^{2}$ terms. Here we show that by applying a periodic modulation to the frequency of the two-level systems in a standard Dicke model in the strong coupling regime, an anisotropic Dicke model with tunable rotating and counter-rotating terms in the ultrastrong coupling regime can be achieved. We calculate the ground state and the excitation spectrum of this model in terms of the modulation parameters. Our result shows that the superradiant phases can be observed in cavity- or circuit-quantum electrodynamics systems with strong coupling.