Boson sampling with ultracold atoms in a programmable optical lattice

TL;DR

This paper proposes a scheme to implement boson sampling using ultracold atoms in a programmable optical lattice, demonstrating key interference effects and analyzing the potential for quantum advantage with large atom numbers.

Contribution

It introduces a novel method for boson sampling with ultracold atoms and provides experimental and theoretical analysis of its feasibility and advantages.

Findings

Demonstrated Hong-Ou-Mandel interference with ultracold atoms

Developed a master equation model for sampling rate estimation

Potential to surpass classical supercomputers with over 40 atoms

Abstract

Sampling from a quantum distribution can be exponentially hard for classical computers and yet could be performed efficiently by a noisy intermediate-scale quantum device. A prime example of a distribution that is hard to sample is given by the output states of a linear interferometer traversed by $N$ identical boson particles. Here, we propose a scheme to implement such a boson sampling machine with ultracold atoms in a polarization-synthesized optical lattice. We experimentally demonstrate the basic building block of such a machine by revealing the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference of two bosonic atoms in a four-mode interferometer. To estimate the sampling rate for large $N$, we develop a theoretical model based on a master equation that accounts for particle losses, but not include technical errors. Our results show that atomic samplers have the potential to achieve quantum advantage over today's best supercomputers with $N \gtrsim 40$.