End boundary effects on wakes dynamics of inclined circular cylinders

TL;DR

This study uses direct numerical simulations to explore how end boundary conditions influence the three-dimensional wake dynamics of inclined circular cylinders across different Reynolds numbers, revealing complex interactions between intrinsic instabilities and boundary effects.

Contribution

It provides new insights into the combined effects of end boundary conditions and intrinsic flow instabilities on wake dynamics of inclined cylinders at multiple Reynolds numbers.

Findings

End boundary effects induce oblique vortex shedding at Re=100.

Oblique shedding persists near the upstream end boundary at Re=200.

At Re=300, vortex dislocations influence wake behavior depending on inclination angle.

Abstract

We perform direct numerical simulations to characterize the three-dimensional wake dynamics of long inclined circular cylinders with inhomogeneous end boundary conditions. Three Reynolds numbers, $\Rey=100$, 200 and 300 are considered to reveal the roles of the intrinsic secondary instabilities and the extrinsic end boundary effects in shaping the three-dimensional flows. At $\Rey=100$, the end boundary effects are felt over the entire cylinder span by inducing oblique vortex shedding, which is associated with stronger spanwise flow in the wake than a parallel shedding. The Strouhal number of the oblique shedding is related to that of the parallel shedding of straight cylinder by the cosine law, considering the combined inclination angle and oblique angle. At $\Rey=200$, the intrinsic secondary instability results in large-scale vortex dislocation, precluding the propagation of the end boundary effects towards further span. Nevertheless, for the inclined cases, oblique shedding is still observed within limited span from the upstream end boundary. The oblique vortices are related to the two-dimensional flow at $\Rey=200$ from the viewpoint of cosine law. Further along the span, the oblique vortices destabilizes with the formation of small-scale vortices, and the flow transitions to the typical mode A* wake. At $\Rey=300$, the highly three-dimensional flow near the end boundary creates disturbances that travel along the cylinder span, creating vortex dislocations for cases with low inclination angles. For high inclination angle, oblique vortex shedding is again observed over the cylinder span, and is not disrupted by vortex dislocations of either intrinsic or extrinsic causes.