Low-temperature ordering in a substitutional alloy with injecting nonequilibrium vacancies: The FePt case

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that low-temperature ordering in FePt alloys is feasible through nonequilibrium vacancies, enabling effective ordering at temperatures around 450 K within practical timescales, and suggests laser pulses as a method to induce vacancies.

Contribution

The study introduces a theoretical model showing low-temperature ordering in FePt alloys via nonequilibrium vacancies, aligning with experimental data and proposing laser pulses to enhance vacancy concentration.

Findings

Ordering at 450 K is achievable within 1000 seconds.

Nonequilibrium vacancies facilitate low-temperature ordering.

Laser pulses can induce sufficient vacancy levels.

Abstract

Achieving the compositionally ordered state in a substitutional alloy of two or more species can often be even critical for improving its functional properties. To produce a highly ordered alloy, a longtime high-temperature (up to T=1000 K) treatment of the alloy is typically necessary because of insufficient vacancy concentration (c_v) and their mobility. However, such processing affects the morphology and complicates the technology of functional alloys. We show theoretically that the ordering in the practically important FePt system (Fe_xPt_1-x with x being close to 0.5) is already achievable at T=450 K for reasonable times t<10^3 s due to frozen nonequilibrium vacancies. Our simulation is based on the Dienes equation for relaxation of the long-range order parameter (S), with taking additionally into account that the ordering kinetics in the alloy is mediated by vacancies. Importantly, the results of such simulation are in good agreement with previous experimental data on the ordering kinetics. We also find that nanosecond laser pulses can be employed to achieve a sufficient level of c_v=10^-5 for effective low-temperature ordering.