A Lagrange multiplier-based optimal control technique for streak attenuation in high-speed boundary layers

TL;DR

This paper develops a Lagrange multiplier-based optimal control method to suppress vortex growth in high-speed boundary layers, reducing transition to turbulence and improving flow stability in supersonic and hypersonic flows.

Contribution

It introduces a novel optimal control algorithm using Lagrange multipliers applied to compressible boundary layer equations for vortex attenuation.

Findings

Significant reduction in kinetic energy of vortices

Decreased wall shear stress in controlled flows

Flattening of vortex instabilities spanwise

Abstract

High-amplitude free stream turbulence and surface roughness elements can excite a laminar boundary layer flow sufficiently to cause streamwise oriented vortices to develop. These vortices resemble elongated streaks having alternate spanwise variations of the streamwise velocity. Downstream, the vortices `wobble' through an inviscid secondary instability mechanism and, ultimately, transition to turbulence. We formulate an optimal control algorithm to suppress the growth rate of the streamwise vortex system. Considering a high Reynolds number asymptotic framework, we reduce the full compressible Navier-Stokes equations to the nonlinear compressible boundary region equations (NCBRE). We then implement the method of Lagrange multipliers via an appropriate transformation of the original constrained optimization problem into an unconstrained form to obtain the disturbance equations in the form of the adjoint compressible boundary region equations (ACBRE) and corresponding optimality conditions. Numerical solutions of the ACBRE approach for high-supersonic and hypersonic flows reveal a significant reduction in the kinetic energy and wall shear stress for all considered configurations. We present contour plots to demonstrate the qualitative effect of increased control iterations. Our results indicate that the primary vortex instabilities gradually flatten in the spanwise direction thanks to the ACBRE algorithm.