Adjacency and Broadcast Dimension of Grid and Directed Graphs

TL;DR

This paper introduces and analyzes the concepts of adjacency and broadcast dimensions in graphs, providing bounds, exact calculations for specific graph classes, and exploring their behavior in directed graphs.

Contribution

It offers new bounds and exact values for adjacency and broadcast dimensions in certain Cartesian products and directed graphs, addressing open questions.

Findings

Exact adjacency dimension of P2 square Pn and P3 square Pn.

Explicit calculation of adjacency dimension for directed complete k-ary trees.

Demonstration of exponential and logarithmic bounds relating broadcast and adjacency dimensions.

Abstract

Let $G$ be a simple undirected graph. A function $f : V(G) \to \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}$ is a $\textit{resolving broadcast}$ of $G$ if for any distinct $x, y \in V(G)$, there exists a vertex $z \in V(G)$ with $f(z) > 0$ such that $\min \{ d(z, x), f(z)+1 \} \neq \min \{ d(z, y), f(z)+1 \}$. The $\textit{broadcast dimension}$ $\text{bdim}(G)$ of $G$ is the minimum of $\sum_{v \in V(G)} f(v)$ over all resolving broadcasts $f$ of $G$. Similarly, the $\textit{adjacency dimension}$ $\text{adim}(G)$ of $G$ is the minimum of $\sum_{v \in V(G)} f(v)$ over all resolving broadcasts $f$ of $G$ where $f$ takes values in $\{0,1\}$. These parameters are defined analogously for directed graphs by considering directed distances. We partially resolve a question of Zhang by obtaining precise bounds for the adjacency dimension of certain Cartesian products of path graphs, namely $\text{adim}(P_2 \square P_n)$ and $\text{adim}(P_3 \square P_n)$. Additionally, we study the behavior of adjacency and broadcast dimension on directed graphs. First, we explicitly calculate the adjacency dimension of a directed complete $k$-ary tree, where every edge is directed towards the leaves. Next, we prove that $\text{adim}(\vec{G}) = \text{bdim}(\vec{G})$ for some particular directed trees $\vec{G}$. Furthermore, we show that $\text{bdim}(G)$ can be as large as an exponential function of $\text{bdim}(\vec{G})$ or as small as a logarithmic function of $\text{bdim}(\vec{G})$.