A mathematical model integrates diverging PXY and MP interactions in cambium development

TL;DR

This paper presents a mathematical model that integrates diverging signals from PXY and MP interactions to explain cambium development and patterning in plant stems, highlighting the importance of feedback loops.

Contribution

The study introduces a novel mathematical model that combines PXY and MP interactions with feedback mechanisms to better understand cambium patterning.

Findings

Feedback loops improve cambium patterning accuracy

MP activity influences PXY expression and cambium development

Model aligns with observed cambium behavior in early and late development

Abstract

The cambium is a meristematic tissue in plant stems. Here, cell divisions occur that are required for radial growth of plant stems. Daughters of cell divisions within the cambium differentiate into woody xylem cells towards the inside of the stem, or phloem towards the outside. As such, a pattern of xylem-cambium-phloem is present along the radial axis of the stem. A ligand-receptor pair, TDIF-PXY promotes cell division in the cambium, as do the phytohormones, cytokinin and auxin. An auxin response factor, MP, has been proposed to initiate cambial cell divisions by promoting PXY expression, however, MP has also been reported to repress cambial cell divisions later in development where TDIF-PXY complexes are also reported to suppress MP activity. Here, we used a mathematical modelling approach to investigate how MP cell division-promoting activity and cell division-repressing activity might be integrated into the same network as a negative feedback loop. In our model, this feedback loop improved the ability of the cambium to pattern correctly and was found to be required for normal patterning when MP was stable. The implications of this model in early and late cambium development are discussed.