Observational and numerical characterization of a recurrent arc-shaped front propagating along a coronal fan

TL;DR

This study combines observations and numerical modeling to analyze recurrent arc-shaped intensity disturbances in the solar corona, revealing that apparent acceleration of wave speeds is primarily due to projection effects.

Contribution

It provides a detailed comparison between observed wave speeds and those from a 2D MHD simulation, demonstrating the impact of projection effects on measured propagation speeds.

Findings

Observed wave speeds range from 40 to 120 km/s along the loop.

Synthetic simulations replicate the acceleration pattern seen in observations.

Projection effects significantly influence the apparent propagation speeds.

Abstract

Recurrent, arc-shaped intensity disturbances were detected by EUV channels in an active region. The fronts were observed to propagate along a coronal loop bundle rooted in a small area within a sunspot umbra. Previous works have linked these intensity disturbances to slow magnetoacoustic waves that propagate from the lower atmosphere to the corona along the magnetic field. The slow magnetoacoustic waves propagate at the local cusp speed. However, the measured propagation speeds from the intensity images are usually smaller as they are subject to projection effects due to the inclination of the magnetic field with respect to the line-of-sight. Here, we aim to understand the effect of projection by comparing observed speeds with those from a numerical model. Using multi-wavelength data we determine the periods present in the observations at different heights of the solar atmosphere through Fourier analysis. We calculate the plane-of-sky speeds along one of the loops from the cross-correlation time lags obtained as a function of distance along the loop. We perform a 2D ideal MHD simulation of an active region embedded in a stratified atmosphere. We drive slow waves from the photosphere with a 3 minutes periodicity. Synthetic time-distance maps are generated from the forward-modelled intensities in coronal wavelengths and the projected propagation speeds are calculated. The intensity disturbances show a dominant period between [2-3] minutes at different heights of the atmosphere. The apparent propagation speeds calculated for coronal channels exhibit an accelerated pattern with values increasing from 40 to 120 km/s as the distance along the loop rises. The propagation speeds obtained from the synthetic time-distance maps also exhibit accelerated profiles within a similar range of speeds. We conclude that the accelerated propagation in our observations is due to the projection effect.